Applied Anthropology and Design

Posts Tagged ‘participant observation’

Personas

Tuesday, June 29th, 2010

A quick note before I actually post the personas:

I am having a difficult time writing the persona for the “participant”  user, one who is often learning disabled. It is a segment of the population that I am not familiar with and although I have been able to hear some stories about daily life, I am mainly only able to write about what I have seen and heard in relation to their experiences at Pedal Power. This is something I will have to remedy at the next event and learn more about what happens outside of the cycling event.

It is simply a user I have never written, nor designed for and made me realize how much we generalize our users as web designers.

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Posted in Pedal Power - Nonprofit | 1 Comment »

Article Notes – Macaulay, C., D. Benyon & A. Crerar. 2000. Ethnography, theory and systems design: from intuition to insight. Human-Computer Studies. 53: 35-60.

Tuesday, June 22nd, 2010

Macaulay, C., D. Benyon & A. Crerar. 2000. Ethnography, theory and systems design: from intuition to insight. Human-Computer Studies. 53: 35-60.

-        Cultural-historical activity theory (CHAT)

-        “Would design not benefit more from training better ethnographers than from burdening them with such a complex set of theoretical concepts and debates as CHAT?”

-        Explicit use of theoretical frameworks encourages reflexivity

-        Suchman: systems designers are disadvantaged as a result of the distance between  them and the subjects/objects of their design.

-        How to help inexperienced design ethnographers makes the transition from intuition to design insight

-        User-centered design is beginning to expand the requirements of workflows to include knowing the social user as well as individual – Is it also not encouraging ethnography?

-        Ethnomethodological terms: issues here is not so much “context a resource” but “context as topic”- so should we focus on how to use contextual information or on what we mean by contextual info?

-        “Suchman proposed that that since tools reify underlying models of the activity they are designed to support, developing an underlying conceptions is a crucial part of the design.”

-        Ethnography set of methods, not theory

-        Tension between “traditional” ethnographer, whose object is to simply describe and interpret cultures (?!) and the design ethnographer whose aim is toe describe and interpret cultures for the purpose of design a tool that will change the culture

-        Relationship between ethnography and design dialogue btwn attitude, validity and practicality

-        Attitude of computer professionals to qualitative “soft” data

-        Openness about theoretical decision in the field may establish greater validity

-        Ethnographer presented different by engineers and anthropologists

-        Design ethnographers have own quick and dirty approach to ethnography

-        Ethnomethodologists claim to have broken with sociologist in that description is not a precursor to analysis, but a means by which to know

-        Theory can enlighten and provide insight into arising problems or confusion

-        Information gathering in design world can come down to stricter deadlines

-        We can only understand the mind with reference to the interaction with the material world that produces the contents of the mind.

-        “Implications for design”

-        Can theoretical frameworks improve the client-designer relationship?

-        Or does it become authoritative?

Check out:

Anderson, A &Alty, J.L. 1995. Everyday theories, cognitive anthropology and user-centered systems design…

Bauman, Z. 1999. Culture as Praxis…

Berg, M. 1998. The politics of technology…

Brown, B. 1998. Working notes:how computers used for collaborative work…

Marcus, G. 1986. Contemporary problems of ethnography in the modern world system….

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Posted in Anthropology, Article notes, research methods | 38 Comments »

Druid Cycles

Saturday, June 5th, 2010

Date of Event: June 2, 2010

What: Druid Cycles Ethnography

Who: Thor Bard and rest of shop

Where: Druid Cycles’ Shop

What happened:

Today was beautiful in London and a nice day in the shop as well. Got to ride in the front of Thor’s bike cart on a Victorian stool as he pedaled us to another part of London. Hilarious and fabulous to see Londoners actually notice (and smile!) at something outside of their personal bubble.

The first hour or so I spent taking a few photos, as I have brought my camera for the week. My hopes are to not only use the camera as a tool for documentation but also as an elicitation tool. Was good to use the camera to view a different side of the shop and keep myself busy for a bit. I also was able to take a few higher quality photos of the bikes that the shop has done up to attempt and sell on their website, then spent the next few hours putting patches on tubes with two of the other employee/volunteers. Nice to do something mindless, yet useful and gave me chance to chat to the others.

Being in the shop for a few days now, I have a lot of ideas moving around my head, about what would work better in terms of a website for Druid Cycles. Again, their current website is a really basic installation of the default Wordpress theme. Most importantly it is not linked to Druid Cycles’ Twitter or Facebook accounts. Thor and his friends on Facebook really use the site quite a bit to hook up and spread information. While Wordpress is easy to update, it would be better to keep a system in place that already functions quite well.

Briefly speaking to Thor about his plans for the future, his major goal if of course to solidify his brand as Druid Cycles and to create a community that not only preaches sustainability, but is sustainable within itself. As I stated, at the moment a lot of what helps run the shop is an exchange of services and materials. Thus not only are materials reused, but close connections also keep transport costs down and perpetuate the close ties of a community that help his shop run. Relating back to the website then, the site also needs to be able to give back to the community. A very diverse one at that. This website must mirror such connections, integrating translations where possible and as Thor stated an integration of Skype so people all over can call the shop for free. Being open and helpful on the web will be essential, providing useful information about cycling and an easy access contact form. From what I have observed, Thor is very good at answering emails, especially messages on Facebook, so I feel that he will be able to handle this.

But I also feel that for Thor, to achieve a certain level of social awareness, the website should also offer something particular to his community. In the actual world , Thor offers that “good neighbor” vibe and is really willing to work with people who can prove their worth and who want to learn. I will have to think more on this and talk to Thor and others about what they receive from the community currently that really benefits them. So in general this website really is about translating their message and ideal online.

Anyway, at the moment, Thor’s previous web designer had gone missing taking the WP password and username with him. AND all the domain and hosting information. Will deal with tomorrow as well as hopefully have a more in-depth conversation to decide what exactly is happening with the website.

Few Notes:

* I think I might need to finish this project in about a month rather than 2 months. I can’t seem to really start writing my thesis, because I haven’t time to really sit back and look at the information I have gathered. And I don’t think I will be able to actually write 20,000+ words coherently in a month. Remember to speak to advisor about this….

*I need to actually speak about my use of ethnography in design…I will do this in the next few days. Now that I have posted it on the blog I have to get it done.

*Also need to decipher the purpose of using Meetup.com as a place to network and informal focus groups.

*There is a divide between nonprofits that need to set up and work with Wordpress themselves and those who outsource. I am not sure how important this differentiation is, or just needs to be clarified as it is brought up.

*Should limit my study to Wordpress.org or if can include some input about .com?

*Recent article as well in design research that I will be taking a look at: http://www.uxbooth.com/blog/complete-beginners-guide-to-design-research/

It is of course interesting me to see what designers consider to be best practices in ethnography. I will attempt to start a list, as I also want to be comparing what everyone is saying.

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Posted in Nonprofit | 125 Comments »

Meetup Group: NetSquared London

Wednesday, May 19th, 2010

Date: May 4, 2010

What: London Net Tuesday: Cluetrain Discussion

Who: Meetup Group: NetSquared London

Where: Leap Anywhere HQ, London

What happened:

Today was my first attempt at participant observation/networking in London’s technology industry. The goal of this particular group (which I found on Meetup.com), NetSquared London, is to promote the social use of technology and encourage collaboration in the process. The speaker for the month’s session was David Turner, who facilitated a discussion on the Cluetrain Manifesto. One of its main points being that “markets are conversations” in addition to 95 theses that describe, while related, a more economics than social based system. So, we all sat in a nice comfy group, with couches and drinks while listening to a presentation and interjecting where necessary.

The Cluetrain Manifesto was developed approximately 10 years ago and appears to fit well in that era of the Internet: where utopian visions of equality existed and technology still was out of reach for many people. This utopian vision and the manifesto itself, also appear to have presupposed that everyone was/is at the same starting point in terms of access for technology. To be completely honest, and maybe this is a mistake, but I am not going to take the time to decipher this program of sorts, as it falls into a world of marketing and “buzzwords” not directly related to my research. I have other buzzwords to worry about.

However, from the short time I spent with this group of people, it was interesting to see that the majority of tech professionals appear to work and think within the bounds of urban London, and addressed the night’s topic within those same lines. This may have been a result of the audience, their own work environment or the goals of their individual social media projects.
Following slightly (in that it would back up my thought that this group appeared to be thinking of technology in terms of use by people similar to themselves) was an interesting point that was brought up: the plurality of people’s roles in the tech world. For individuals can be at the same time large decision makers, users of technology and builders of the technology itself. It would have been interesting to hear more about the level of influence that everyone believed was embedded in such actors. What was touched upon however was the level of influence that corporations have in their marketing. A topic out of bounds for this meeting, but made me realize this group was more tech, marketing and entrepreneurial than I had expected. Correction: I am actually not sure what I expected. But I myself do not have the same entrepreneurial spirit, and began with an anthropology background, rather than web design. I suppose in one respect, for if you do not have a background in anthropology, and are not continually taught to question, there is a desire for a different structure and validity in one’s work. Anthropology does not teach people how to achieve a tangible result (i.e. Create a thing that will make money). The business world does.

Additionally spoken about in the meeting was the breakdown of hierarchies in the corporate world in order increase collaboration. I found that the conversation maybe was reaching for a re-examination of the roles that people hold, rather than speaking about it dissolution. If people are socialized into knowing how to perform in certain roles, they are also socialized into knowing how they “should” be treated and what knowledge or expertise they have a responsibility to hold.

I have seen this same view in my current interviews with web designers who have been taught to perform in certain ways to achieve a goal. Also in terms of my research I did not find much knowledge of, interest or support for user-centered design or ethnography, which is supposedly meant to flatten the above hierarchies.

Also brought up was the notion of authentic and inauthentic conversations. Relating back to my work in understanding client-web designer relationships, I wonder what designers and clients perceive to be an authentic conversation? If an authentic conversation relating to web designers is one where the value of items being exchanged is satisfactory to both sides, then does sincerity matter? Does it even matter what people are saying if they are getting what they want? In the end, do people want to have more personal interactions in business transactions or not?

What I thought about it:

Overall the discussion was interesting because it was the perspective of those not within anthropology, but uncomfortable for the same reason. Marketing terms or buzz words, in my own opinion mask important aspects of processes and turn biases into their own entities. Of course anthropology is not free from the same downfall, but the goal of academia is to understand new terminology with a requirement for definition, and the business world is not.

Things also may not have resonated as much as they could, because there was a lot of talk about the future of the Internet and social media, and I have been concentrating on what people are doing right now to help people integrate and interact online.

In future sessions, I need to directly ask members of the group what they think about certain aspects on my research. I expect it to be fruitful and not scare people off as they are interested in talking frankly about such terms, and appear to truly want to engage more within their field. Also, it is not a subversive topic that I need to tip-toe around, but relatively open and uncontroversial.

On a completely social level it was great to be able to meet a group of people with similar interests, have an intellectual discussion and join in for a friendly meal afterward.

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Posted in Meetups | 20 Comments »